Managing water resources for sustainable rural development


  • Managing water resources for sustainable food production

Context

Transfer of technology, both horizontal and vertical, needs to be strengthened. Mechanisms to provide credit, input supplies, markets, appropriate pricing and transportation must be developed jointly by countries and external support agencies. Integrated rural water-supply infrastructure, including facilities for water-related education and training and support services for agriculture, should be expanded for multiple use and should assist in developing the rural economy.

Many are still denied the clean water and food security which are basic human rights. Assessments confirm a dramatically-rising pressure on land resources, particularly in mainland Asia and Africa. Future freshwater problems look even more severe than they did two years ago. UNEP's GEO-2000 Report emphasizes how land issues are inextricably interwoven with water management at both national and regional levels.

Implementation

This strategy features in the framework of Agenda 21 as formulated at UNCED (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), now coordinated by the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development and implemented through national and local authorities.

Facilitated by

  1. Using water distribution schemes to increase water retention of grasslands
  2. Using treated waste water for agriculture
  3. Using saline water for agriculture
  4. Using integrated pest management
  5. Undertaking long-term capacity building measures for improved water management
  6. Undertaking environmental management measures to control disease vectors
  7. Training in community water resources management
  8. Training extension staff on water resource technology
  9. Strengthening water resource research capabilities in developing countries
  10. Setting quality criteria for marine and freshwater ecosystems
  11. Setting quality criteria for agricultural water use
  12. Rehabilitating degraded aquatic environments
  13. Providing technical advice for institutional cooperation in local communities
  14. Preventing contamination of water sources by animal excrement
  15. Preventing adverse impacts on aquatic living resources
  16. Preventing adverse impact of agricultural activity on water quality
  17. Monitoring irrigation
  18. Minimizing soil erosion
  19. Making multiple use of water through integrated agro-livestock-fishery programmes
  20. Involving private sector in developing human resources and infrastructure
  21. Informing public about adverse impacts of chemicals
  22. Increasing water sources for livestock to prevent overgrazing around existing sources
  23. Increasing efficiency of agricultural water use
  24. Increasing cooperation within and among water management agencies
  25. Improving quality of water for livestock
  26. Improving land and water management by farmers in arid regions
  27. Improving international exchange of information on water management technology
  28. Improving fish yields in inland waters using environmentally sound management methods
  29. Improving career development programmes for land and water management staff
  30. Implementing environmentally sound hydropower schemes
  31. Implementing efficient rural water cost-recovery programmes
  32. Identifying critical areas for water resource research
  33. Formulating large scale irrigation development programmes
  34. Expanding water and soil management research for irrigated and rain-fed areas
  35. Expanding public education on hygiene
  36. Expanding integrated use of rural water supply infrastructure
  37. Expanding artificial drainage for irrigated agriculture
  38. Establishing sustainable aquaculture development strategies
  39. Establishing national policy to expand water supply
  40. Ensuring proper disposal of manure from intensive livestock operations
  41. Eliminating disease transmission sources
  42. Draining fields to prevent waterlogging
  43. Developing sustainable coastal fishing policy
  44. Developing small scale irrigation to conserve water
  45. Developing drainage for irrigated lands in arid and semi-arid regions
  46. Delegating community responsibility for water
  47. Creating drought preparedness programmes stressing food security
  48. Comparing economic feasibility of aquaculture with other water resource use
  49. Assessing training needs for agricultural water management
  50. Assessing the environmental impact of aquaculture
  51. Assessing hydrobiology and environmental requirements of inland fish species
  52. Adopting appropriate water treatment technology
  53. Accelerating use of agricultural water use technologies

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