Underground press

Illicit literature
Clandestine press

Nature

Illegal or semi-legal newspapers, news sheets and journals may be published in opposition to the traditionally established press. Such periodicals may contain information of a politically or morally subversive nature, or even be actively anti-governmental.

Background

The significance of the underground press emerged globally during periods of political repression, notably in 19th-century Europe and later under totalitarian regimes in the 20th century. Its role became widely recognized during the 1960s, as clandestine publications proliferated in response to censorship and state control. Scholars and activists increasingly documented its impact on dissent, social movements, and the dissemination of alternative viewpoints, highlighting its persistent relevance in challenging official narratives worldwide.

Incidence

The underground press has a significant global presence, particularly in regions where state censorship, political repression, or social taboos restrict freedom of expression. Its incidence is notable in countries with authoritarian regimes, but also emerges in democracies during periods of crisis or unrest. The proliferation of digital technologies has expanded the reach and impact of underground publications, making them accessible to wider audiences and complicating efforts to suppress dissenting voices.
In 2022, Iran witnessed a surge in underground press activity following the nationwide protests sparked by the death of Mahsa Amini. Independent journalists and citizen reporters circulated uncensored news and protest updates through clandestine online platforms, circumventing state-imposed media blackouts.

Claim

The suppression of the underground press is a grave threat to democracy and free expression. When independent voices are silenced, corruption festers unchecked and citizens are denied the truth. This is not a minor issue—it is a fundamental problem that undermines accountability and justice. We must fiercely defend the underground press, for without it, society risks descending into ignorance, manipulation, and authoritarian control. The stakes could not be higher.

Counter-claim

The underground press may be the only means whereby injustices, inequalities and official hypocrisy may be exposed regarding pornography, homosexuality, discrimination (racial, ethnic, women, etc.), drug addiction, radicalism, war, sex, police brutality and similar issues.