Thinking biologically

The components of ecosystems - climates, watersheds, soils, organisms, biochemical processes - are known to be "connected," "linked", and "interdependent". These are all ways of describing the principle of integration in natural systems. Ecosystems are commonly described as a web in which the activities of one organism, or the outcome of one process, influence hundreds of other activities and processes. Through integration, each component of the system can serve and be served by other components, thereby increasing the efficiency and viability of the overall system.

1. Humans and human society are most often pictured as machines and most imagery about how human society works is largely mechanistic. Thinking in biological terms opens up creative possibilities.

1. Thinking
2. Changing consciousness

1. Thinking systematically
2. Synthesizing concepts of sustainable development
3. Promoting social innovation