Increasing product longevity

The average age of a fridge or washing machine in the Netherlands has come down from some 12 years in the 1970s to some 7 years in the 1990s. This also maximizes overall energy consumption because it takes 7 years of operating a washing machine to spend as much energy as it has taken to produce the washing machine in the first place.

1. Reducing materials throughput
2. Caring for matter

1. Reducing waste

1. Improving materials longevity
2. Ensuring competent production of consumer goods

1. Planning obsolescence
2. Marking shelf-life of products

1. Increasing product use intensity
2. Extending producer responsibility

1. Short-term planning of product life cycles
2. Planned obsolescence

1. Longevity
2. Life