Threatened species of Birds


  • Birds at risk of extinction
  • Endangered species of Aves

Nature

There are about 10,000 species of birds worldwide and half are declining in numbers and range; many are in danger of extinction.  Industrial agriculture, with its rapid expansion and use of toxic chemicals, is driving bird losses the world over and represents the greatest threat to birds.

Pesticides kill birds by direct poisoning and through accumulation in the food chain, or affect their reproductive capacity by causing thin and fragile egg shells or poisoned embryos. Birds also suffer destruction by feral predators (cats, foxes etc), hunters and trappers, including poisoning by lead shot or by poison bait left for other animals. Nests and sources of food can be destroyed by intensive farming techniques and by destruction of natural habitats through over-grazing, irrigation, desertification, and forest loss. Construction, urbanization and draining swamps and marshes also destroy natural habitats.  In some areas, exotic birds and birds that can thrive in a disturbed habitat are becoming more common at the expense of native birds. 

 

Incidence

In 1600 (when reliable zoological records began) an estimated 8,684 species of bird were extant. Of these, 94 (or 1.09%) have since become extinct.

It was reported by Birdlife International in 2022 that:

  • Worldwide, 1,409 (1 in 8) bird species is at risk of extinction
  • Another 223 bird species are critically endangered and could disappear from the planet
  • A net loss of 2.9 billion birds, or 29%, occurred in the U.S. and Canada since 1970.
  • A further 600 million have been lost in the European Union since 1980.
  • since 1850, forest and wetland specialist species in Japan are estimated to have declined by 94 and 88 percent respectively
  • populations of Kenya’s raptor species have declined on average by nearly three quarters since 1970.

IUCN Conservation and Management Plan (CAMP) assessments of threat to certain bird taxa (available in 1993) found for Anseriformes (ducks, geese and swans): 66 species or 28% threatened; cranes: 23 species (74%) threatened; parrots 139 species (32%) threatened; and Asian hornbills: 44 species (85%) threatened. Species "critically threatened" (population under 250; 50% probability of extinction within 5 years or 2 generations, whichever is longer) for the above taxa were: Anseriformes: 10 species cranes: 9; parrots 25; Asian hornbills 5.

A 1992 study by the International Council for Bird Preservation found 221 areas in the world that have high concentrations of birds and which also have about two thirds of the world's 1,029 endangered species. Most of the 'hotspot' sites, amounting to 260,000 square kilometres, are in forest regions of the tropics, with about a quarter in South America. Forty two are in Australasia, 40 in Africa or on African islands, and 30 on Pacific islands. One site is in Europe, on Cyprus.

Countries with the greatest number of bird species immediately under threat of extinction are: the Philippines with 126 species, Brazil 97, China 81, Peru and Columbia more than 50. 280 out of 530 European species are vulnerable and more than one third have declined in numbers, some dramatically, since 1975, for example the aquatic warbler, the imperial eagle and the pallid harrier. Once widespread in the north and west of Britain, The range of the corncrake in Britain has contracted more than two-thirds in 20 years. It is now virtually confined to the Scottish islands and part of Ireland and could be extinct in the British Isles within another 20 years. Its decline mirrors the falls for many of the other 28 predominantly farmland species (such as the corn bunting, grey partridge and yellowhammer) all but four of of which have declined significantly in range and numbers due to intensive agricultural practices.

Narrower

  1. Threatened species of water fowl
  2. Threatened species of Trogoniformes
  3. Threatened species of Tinamiformes
  4. Threatened species of Struthioniformes
  5. Threatened species of Strigiformes
  6. Threatened species of Sphenisciformes
  7. Threatened species of songbird
  8. Threatened species of Rheiformes
  9. Threatened species of Psittaciformes
  10. Threatened species of Procellariiformes
  11. Threatened species of predatory birds
  12. Threatened species of Podicipediformes
  13. Threatened species of Piciformes
  14. Threatened species of Pelecaniformes
  15. Threatened species of Passeriformes
  16. Threatened species of neotropical birds
  17. Threatened species of Gruiformes
  18. Threatened species of Gaviiformes
  19. Threatened species of Galliformes
  20. Threatened species of flightless birds
  21. Threatened species of Falconiformes
  22. Threatened species of Cuculiformes
  23. Threatened species of Coraciiformes
  24. Threatened species of Columbiformes
  25. Threatened species of Coliiformes
  26. Threatened species of Ciconiiformes
  27. Threatened species of Charadriiformes
  28. Threatened species of Casuariiformes
  29. Threatened species of Caprimulgiformes
  30. Threatened species of Apterygiformes
  31. Threatened species of Apodiformes
  32. Threatened species of Anseriformes
  33. Threatened migratory bird species
  34. Extinct species of Sandcoleiformes
  35. Extinct species of Protoaviformes
  36. Extinct species of Praeornithiformes
  37. Extinct species of Patagopterygiformes
  38. Extinct species of Palaeocursornithiformes
  39. Extinct species of Lithornithiformes
  40. Extinct species of Limnornithiformes
  41. Extinct species of Ichthyornithiformes
  42. Extinct species of Iberomesornithiformes
  43. Extinct species of Hesperornithiformes
  44. Extinct species of Gobipterygiformes
  45. Extinct species of Gansuiformes
  46. Extinct species of Enantiornithiformes
  47. Extinct species of Cathayornithiformes
  48. Extinct species of Archaeopterygiformes
  49. Extinct species of Ambiortiformes
  50. Extinct species of Alexornithiformes
  51. Extinct species of Aepyornithiformes


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