Political instability

Dependence on political volatility
Unstable electoral system

Nature

Lack of political continuity in the application of government tends towards sudden violent or disruptive change and fluctuation. Political instability is a function of a lack of consensus, which may arise as a result of colonial influence, a failure to materialize the sense of 'nationhood' in the citizenry, dictatorship, economic instability or foreign influence. Frequent changes in governments (or attempts to do so), internal dissensions and labour disputes and involvement in border clashes with neighbouring countries may also contribute to the political instability of countries. Political instability may result in social, ethnic or national disintegration and provide a barrier to progress through repression and negative change. It may also cause foreign intervention or an increase in foreign influence.

Background

Political instability emerged as a recognized global concern in the aftermath of the First World War, when the collapse of empires and rise of new states exposed vulnerabilities in governance. Its significance intensified during the Cold War, as superpower rivalries fueled coups and regime changes worldwide. Scholarly attention expanded in the late 20th century, linking instability to economic crises, migration, and conflict, prompting international organizations to monitor and address its far-reaching consequences.

Incidence

For the former Soviet Union Soviet republics, the region where communism once held unchallenging rule, the rule in 1993 was turbulent nationalism, unstable democratic institutions and prolonged class and ethnic conflicts. The mass movements, such as Solidarity, which replaced the communists, are themselves splitting apart, and several years of collapsing living standards have made some voters resentful and susceptible to demagogy, either from the extreme right or from the ex-communist left.

Claim

Political instability is a grave and urgent problem that threatens the very foundation of societies. It breeds chaos, undermines economic growth, and erodes public trust in institutions. Without stable governance, essential services falter, violence escalates, and citizens suffer. Ignoring political instability is reckless; it jeopardizes not only national progress but also global security. Immediate, decisive action is essential to restore order and protect the well-being of current and future generations.

Counter-claim

Political instability is vastly overblown as a concern. Societies have always adapted and thrived despite leadership changes or policy shifts. In fact, a little instability can spark innovation and necessary reforms. Most citizens’ daily lives remain unaffected by political squabbles at the top. The real issues are economic opportunity, education, and healthcare—not who’s in charge. Worrying about political instability distracts from addressing the problems that actually impact people’s well-being.