Ineffective governmental use of nongovernmental resources

Public regulatory policies have inhibited private providers of services. Although not explicitly part of the public budget, these policies can have large effects akin to taxation and spending. There is no uniquely appropriate balance between public and private sector activity. However, governments reduce their ability to broaden access to education and health, for example, when they discourage private initiatives. In the case of housing, in many cities private housing markets have been overly restricted by rent control, which has often produced results exactly opposite to those originally intended.

1. In many areas, exposing state-controlled enterprises to domestic and foreign competition would promote economic efficiency. Such enterprises are protected by budgetary subsidies, regulated domestic markets that keep out private competitors, tariffs and import quotas. Such protection inhibits the characteristic ability of the private sector to adapt to changing conditions of trade.

1. Inappropriate public spending by government

1. Discrimination against community enterprises

1. Failure of development programmes
2. Duplication of international nongovernmental activities

1. Stigmatization of international nongovernmental organizations as naive
2. Operational ineffectiveness of international NGOs
3. Neglect of international nongovernmental organization network
4. Limited recognition of international nongovernmental organizations
5. Inadequate international nongovernmental organization response to intergovernmental calls for action
6. Antipathy
7. Absence of policies to associate international nongovernmental organizations in regional development
8. Absence of national nongovernmental organizations

1. Misuse of nonprofit associations as front organizations by government

1. Undermining government opposition to private initiative
2. Researching public sector reform
3. Providing opposition to private initiative
4. Increasing use of nongovernmental resources
5. Increasing effectiveness of governmental use of nongovernmental resources
6. Enabling cross-sectoral cooperation

1. Opposition
2. Competition [D]
3. Ineffectiveness