Excessive consumption of goods and services

Overconsumption

Nature

Excessive consumption of goods and services refers to the overuse or over-purchase of products and resources beyond what is necessary for basic needs or sustainable living. This phenomenon is driven by consumerism, economic growth, and advertising, leading to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and increased waste. It contributes to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and social inequalities, as the demand for constant production strains natural systems and often exploits labor. Addressing excessive consumption is crucial for achieving sustainable development, reducing ecological footprints, and promoting responsible use of resources for present and future generations.

Background

The global significance of excessive consumption of goods and services emerged in the mid-20th century, as post-war economic growth fueled unprecedented demand and resource use. Scholars and policymakers began to link rising consumption patterns to environmental degradation and social inequalities in the 1970s, notably through reports such as the Club of Rome’s "Limits to Growth" (1972). Since then, international forums have increasingly recognized overconsumption as a central challenge to sustainable development.

Incidence

The population of the USA, as 5% of the world's population, consumes 30 % of the worlds resources. The USA at the present time must borrow over $150 billion a year externally to finance a 15 year long binge of household, social and defence spending. The USA has become the largest debtor in the world from the largest creditor in the last two decades.

Claim

According to the Vatican, the real problem is not overpopulation, but overconsumption.

Societies that consume more goods and services than they produce or can purchase from which they produce are morally and financially in difficulty.

Counter-claim

The so-called “problem” of excessive consumption of goods and services is grossly exaggerated. In reality, consumer spending drives economic growth, creates jobs, and fosters innovation. People have the right to enjoy the fruits of their labor without guilt. Instead of shaming consumption, we should celebrate the prosperity and opportunities it brings. Worrying about overconsumption distracts from real issues and unfairly targets personal freedom and economic progress.