Cancers


  • Neoplastic diseases
  • Neoplasms
  • Tumours
  • Cancerous growths
  • Sarcomas
  • Carcinoma in sita
  • Cancer

Nature

A tumour, or neoplasm, is a tissue growth with no physiological function. The first sign of tumour growth in a tissue is the appearance of a small number of cells which multiply with uncontrolled division and lose lose their capacity for differentiation. The tumour enlarges solely as a result of multiplication of its own cells. Tumour growth proceeds through stages of disorderly increase in the number of cells, focal growth, benign growth and malignant growth; the stages immediately preceding malignancy are called precancerous.

Claim

  1. Cancer is a disease of the genome, which means it’s characterised and caused by changes in our genes that can drive a healthy cell to mutate into a cancerous one. Cancer remains difficult to treat because each cancer is different, even within the same cancer type, such as breast or bowel. Each tumour has a genetic code that makes it unique, but there are also genetic differences within the tumours themselves. And tumours can evolve over time to become resistant to treatment.

Counter claim

  1. Up to 90% of cancer is preventable. "Environmental or nutritional factors probably account for up to 90% of human cancers. These factors include smoking; diet; and exposure to sunlight, chemicals, and drugs. Genetic, viral, and radiation factors may cause the rest." (The Merck Manual, 17th edition, pp. 2591-2592)


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