Undertaking historical studies

Learning about and deriving lessons from the past.

The study of history may be primarily viewed as an accounting of chronological events and as a congeries or series of happenings which both form and dominate the shape of societies. The emergence of comparative studies of civilization can however lead to a shift in perception of the growth of cultures. Civilizations can now be seen from a wider as well as a more dynamic perspective, as revealing the development of fundamental patterns of human relationships in the context of those artistic and social forms which embody the transformations of human consciousness.

1. Understanding or considering history allows the use of the lessons of past generations.

2. The historian must have some conceptions of how men who are not historians behave. (Edward Morgan Forster).

1. Experience of this century is so divergent from that of all past history that past wisdom is basically irrelevant; one can say that human consciousness has simply mutated into a new entity which must invent in its own terms.

1. Safeguarding the memory of the world
2. Researching
3. Collecting
4. Broadening participation in culture

1. Undertaking mediaeval studies
2. Studying natural history
3. Studying labour history
4. Studying judaism
5. Studying history of agriculture
6. Studying history didactics
7. Studying historical linguistics
8. Studying business history
9. Studying ancient history
10. Researching preservation of cultural property
11. Researching oral history
12. Researching history of religions
13. Researching history of medicine
14. Researching genealogy
15. Researching causes of post-historical sterility
16. Exposing historical necessity for democratic government
17. Cultivating common history appreciation
18. Advancing art history

1. Transmitting historical perspective
2. Remembering lessons of history
3. Re-examining painful past
4. Preserving history
5. Grounding decisions historically
6. Challenging orthodoxies

1. Using dialectical process
2. Regulating historical research
3. Promoting historical studies
4. Maintaining record of past encounter

1. Denying lessons of history

1. Unethical practice in historical disciplines
2. Limited historical method