Managing housed farm animals

Article 3 of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for Farming Purposes (Strasbourg 1976), requires that: "Animals shall be housed and provided with food, water and care in a manner which – having regard to their species and to their degree of development, adaptation and domestication – is appropriate to their physiological and ethological needs in accordance with established experience and scientific knowledge." Article 5 requires: "The lighting, temperature, humidity, air circulation, ventilation, and other environmental conditions such as gas concentration or noise intensity in the place in which an animal is housed, shall – having regard to its species and to its degree of development, adaptation and domestication – conform to its physiological and ethological needs in accordance with established experience and scientific knowledge."