Worms as vectors of animal diseases

Nature

Earthworms may spread soil-borne diseases through their activity in the soil, as in the case of anthrax, or act as intermediate hosts for virus diseases of pigs and poultry, thus complicating the control of the disease and its eradication.

Background

The significance of worms as vectors of animal diseases emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as veterinary science linked outbreaks of livestock illnesses to parasitic helminths. Global trade and intensified animal husbandry revealed the widespread transmission of pathogens by worms, prompting international surveillance. Subsequent research underscored their role in spreading viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections, leading to coordinated control efforts and heightened awareness of their impact on animal health worldwide.

Incidence

Any soil-borne diseases may be spread by the activity of worms. Since worms can live as long as 10 years, they may harbour and spread viral animal diseases over a long period.