Unhealthy cities

Unhealthy urban environments

Nature

By the turn of the century, half the 6.2 billion population of the planet will be urban. The unplanned and often chaotic growth of mega-cities will mean that at least half of their inhabitants will live in crowded tenements, shanty towns and slums without basis amenities. Overcrowding, filth and squalor encourages the spread of infectious diseases and poses massive threats to urban health. Even in the developed world, ill health as a consequence of urban living is prevalent.

The lack of adequate solid waste disposal and sewerage services causes serious public health problems in many cities, causing many diseases including often-fatal water-borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery.

Incidence

According to the World Health Organization, over 90% of the world’s urban population breathes air that exceeds recommended pollution limits, with cities in low- and middle-income countries most affected. Rapid urbanization has led to increased exposure to environmental hazards, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to green spaces, contributing to higher rates of respiratory diseases, obesity, and mental health issues in urban populations worldwide.
In 2017, New Delhi, India, experienced hazardous air quality levels, with particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations reaching over 700 µg/m³—more than 28 times the WHO safe limit—prompting school closures and public health emergencies.

Claim

Unhealthy cities are a pressing crisis that demands immediate attention. Rampant pollution, inadequate healthcare, and food deserts contribute to rising obesity, chronic diseases, and mental health issues. Urban environments should promote well-being, yet many fail to provide clean air, safe spaces, and nutritious options. This neglect not only diminishes quality of life but also burdens healthcare systems and economies. We must prioritize sustainable urban planning and equitable access to resources to foster healthier communities for all.

Counter-claim

Unhealthy cities are often overstated as a pressing issue. Many urban areas thrive with vibrant cultures, economic opportunities, and social interactions that far outweigh health concerns. Individuals have the agency to make personal choices regarding their lifestyles, and blaming cities for health issues distracts from personal responsibility. Instead of fixating on urban health, we should celebrate the dynamic environments cities provide, fostering innovation and community, which ultimately contribute to a more fulfilling life.