Unconscious bias


Description

An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. Recent studies have determined that "implicit bias" towards those of the opposite gender may be even more influential than racial implicit bias. Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. Individuals' perceptions and behaviors can be influenced by the implicit stereotypes they hold, even if they are sometimes unaware they hold such stereotypes. Implicit bias is an aspect of implicit social cognition: the phenomenon that perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes can operate prior to conscious intention or endorsement. The existence of implicit bias is supported by a variety of scientific articles in psychological literature. Implicit stereotype was first defined by psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald in 1995. Explicit stereotypes, by contrast, are consciously endorsed, intentional, and sometimes controllable thoughts and beliefs. Implicit biases, however, are thought to be the product of associations learned through past experiences. Implicit biases can be activated by the environment and operate prior to a person's intentional, conscious endorsement. Implicit bias can persist even when an individual rejects the bias explicitly.
Source: Wikipedia

Background

The "cognitive" unconscious facilitates the non-emotional, mechanical parts of perception and activity that, for example, allow people to speak a sentence in keeping with syntactic rules they cannot explain, or move a hand with precision. Long thought to be simple-minded, new research shows that the cognitive unconscious is extremely smart and in psychological tests was able to master visual display rules which no person could do consciously. The "emotional" unconscious acts by adding emotional content, which can warp the way people perceive and react, as in stage fright.

Incidence

Psychologists have shown that even an encounter people are not consciously aware of can have a palpable influence on feelings, thoughts and actions. Students learned to infer fairness in strangers (arbitrarily based on facial proportions) after exposure to photographs of slightly lengthened or shortened faces of professors they had previously assessed as fair and unfair. The initial bias can silently confirm itself without actually testing that conclusion against reality.

Claim

  1. Never ask a salesman if his is a good price.

Value


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