Restriction of outer space benefits to a limited number of countries

Nature

Although the benefits arising from space exploration have so far been of greater significance scientifically than economically, it is expected that this will change as the technology develops. Some countries, especially the developing countries, will be unable to benefit from such resources, thus further increasing the gap between the richer and the poorer nations.

Incidence

As of 2023, over 80 countries have satellites in orbit, but more than 70% of operational satellites are owned or operated by just five nations: the United States, China, Russia, Japan, and India. Many developing countries lack the technical, financial, or regulatory capacity to access or benefit from outer space activities, resulting in a persistent digital and technological divide. This concentration of space assets limits equitable access to satellite-based services such as telecommunications, Earth observation, and disaster management.
In 2021, Ethiopia’s attempt to launch its second satellite was delayed due to limited access to launch facilities and technology transfer from established spacefaring nations. The project, based in Addis Ababa, highlighted the challenges faced by emerging space programs in securing affordable launch opportunities and technical support, underscoring the barriers to broader participation in space-derived benefits.

Claim

The restriction of outer space benefits to a select few countries is a grave injustice that undermines global equity and cooperation. As space exploration advances, it is imperative that all nations, regardless of their economic status, have access to its resources and technologies. This exclusivity not only perpetuates inequality but also stifles innovation and collaboration. We must advocate for inclusive policies that ensure the vast potential of outer space is shared for the benefit of all humanity.

Counter-claim

The notion that restricting outer space benefits to a select few countries is a significant problem is vastly overstated. Space exploration and its advantages are inherently tied to national interests and capabilities. Prioritizing resources for nations with established space programs fosters innovation and efficiency. Instead of lamenting exclusivity, we should celebrate the advancements made by these countries, which ultimately pave the way for future global collaboration and technological progress. The focus should be on practical outcomes, not unfounded grievances.