Obstacles to international exchange of cultural materials

The international exchange of books, publications and educational, scientific and cultural materials is hampered by customs duties or other charges, licence requirements, quantitative restrictions, foreign exchange control measures, and intellectual property rights such as copyrights, trademarks or patents.

1. The free exchange of ideas and knowledge and, in general, the widest possible dissemination of the diverse forms of self-expression used by civilizations, are vitally important both for intellectual progress and international understanding, and consequently for the maintenance of world peace.

1. Restrictive channels of cultural interchange

1. Abuse of international cultural, diplomatic and commercial exchanges

1. Ideological conflict

1. Adulteration of cultural heritage

1. Obstructions to international athletic exchange

1. Limiting international exchange of cultural materials

1. Obstacle