Multiplicity of languages in a national setting

Nature

Within some countries several languages are in use. This language diversity leads to a variety of difficulties: retardation of political and economic development; aggravation of political sectionalism; hindrance to inter-group cooperation, national unity and multinational cooperation; hindrance to political enculturation, political support for the authorities and the regime, and political participation. This reduces governmental effectiveness and political stability, reduces occupational mobility, decreases efficiency and prevents the diffusion of innovative techniques.

Incidence

According to Ethnologue, over 90 countries have more than two living languages spoken within their borders, with nations such as India (447 languages), Nigeria (525), and Indonesia (710) exhibiting particularly high linguistic diversity. In many African and Asian countries, the presence of multiple languages complicates national communication, education, and governance, often requiring multilingual policies and translation services to accommodate diverse populations.
In Papua New Guinea, the 2011 census reported over 800 distinct languages spoken among a population of approximately 7 million. This extreme linguistic diversity has posed significant challenges for national education policy, with difficulties in providing instructional materials and qualified teachers for all language groups.

Claim

The multiplicity of languages in a national setting is a critical issue that cannot be ignored. It fosters cultural richness but also creates barriers to communication, education, and social cohesion. When languages are marginalized, entire communities risk losing their identities and heritage. Governments must prioritize multilingual policies to ensure inclusivity, promote understanding, and empower all citizens. Ignoring this problem undermines national unity and hinders progress in an increasingly interconnected world. We must act now!

Counter-claim

The notion that the multiplicity of languages in a national setting is a significant problem is vastly overstated. In reality, linguistic diversity enriches cultural heritage, fosters creativity, and promotes inclusivity. Rather than viewing multiple languages as a barrier, we should celebrate them as assets that enhance communication and understanding. Focusing on this so-called "problem" distracts from more pressing issues, such as economic inequality and environmental challenges, which truly deserve our attention and resources.