Gerontocracy in agriculture

Nature

Gerontocracy in agriculture refers to the dominance of older individuals in decision-making and land ownership within the agricultural sector. This phenomenon is problematic as it often leads to limited opportunities for youth participation, innovation, and technology adoption. The aging farming population can hinder productivity, sustainability, and the sector’s adaptability to modern challenges such as climate change. Additionally, barriers to land access and capital for younger generations exacerbate rural depopulation and threaten long-term food security. Addressing gerontocracy in agriculture is crucial for fostering generational renewal and ensuring the sector’s resilience and growth.

Background

The prominence of gerontocracy in agriculture emerged as a global concern in the late 20th century, when demographic surveys revealed a rising average age among farmers, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Europe. International organizations, such as the FAO, began highlighting the implications for food security and rural development. Subsequent research underscored how barriers to youth participation and land succession intensified the phenomenon, prompting policy debates and targeted interventions worldwide.

Incidence

A tradition still fairly prevalent in tropical Africa, for example, is that of farming by the extended family, under the direction of its head. This involved, and still involves, the great disadvantage that the main economic power is given to the older people, who tend to be less amenable to progress. This likelihood is increased by the fact that the average age of village head-men, who are also entrusted with considerable economic power by the community, is even higher than that of the heads of large families.

Claim

Gerontocracy in agriculture is a critical crisis stifling innovation and threatening food security. With aging farmers dominating decision-making, fresh ideas and modern technologies are sidelined, leaving the sector stagnant and vulnerable. This generational imbalance deters youth participation, accelerating rural decline and risking future harvests. Ignoring this problem is reckless—urgent action is needed to empower younger generations, revitalize agriculture, and secure sustainable food systems for all. The future of farming depends on it.

Counter-claim

The so-called "gerontocracy in agriculture" is vastly overstated as a problem. Experienced older farmers are the backbone of food security, passing down invaluable knowledge and ensuring stability. Age does not hinder innovation; rather, it safeguards tradition and quality. The focus on youth is misplaced—what matters is expertise, not age. There are far more pressing issues in agriculture than worrying about who holds the reins, as long as the job gets done well.