Exploitation of casual workers

Discrimination against itinerant labour
Prejudicial treatment of contract labour

Nature

Casual workers, of whom there is a disproportionately high number of women, are paid less than their regularly employed counterparts; cannot participate in employees benefits; are largely excluded from the protection of labour legislation and trade union affiliation; and are shown, due to the declining purchasing power of their low wages, to have a high incidence of malnutrition. Entrepreneurs using casual workers tend to have difficulties in forecasting their budgets and to exploit such workers, who may well be a new kind of marginality that could easily lead to social unrest.

Background

The exploitation of casual workers emerged as a significant global concern during the late 20th century, as deregulation and the rise of informal economies exposed millions to insecure, low-paid employment. International attention intensified following reports by the International Labour Organization and advocacy groups in the 1990s, which documented widespread abuses and lack of protections. Since then, globalization and the gig economy have further highlighted the vulnerability of casual workers, prompting ongoing scrutiny and debate worldwide.

Incidence

The exploitation of casual workers is a pervasive issue affecting millions globally, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, hospitality, retail, and the gig economy. Casual workers often face low wages, job insecurity, lack of social protection, and hazardous working conditions. According to the International Labour Organization, over 60% of the world’s employed population are in informal or precarious employment, making them especially vulnerable to exploitation and abuse by employers.
In 2022, reports from India’s construction sector highlighted widespread exploitation of casual workers, including wage theft, unsafe working environments, and denial of legal entitlements. Investigations revealed that many workers lacked written contracts and access to grievance mechanisms.

Claim

The exploitation of casual workers is a grave injustice that demands urgent attention. These workers are routinely denied fair wages, job security, and basic rights, fueling cycles of poverty and inequality. Employers profit from their vulnerability, while society turns a blind eye. This systemic abuse is not only unethical but also undermines the dignity of labor. Addressing this exploitation is essential for building a just and equitable society. Ignoring it is simply unacceptable.

Counter-claim

The so-called "exploitation" of casual workers is grossly exaggerated and not an important problem. Casual work offers flexibility and opportunities for those who need them, such as students or people seeking extra income. Many willingly choose these jobs, fully aware of the terms. Instead of focusing on this non-issue, attention should be directed toward real problems. The narrative of widespread exploitation is misleading and distracts from genuine labor concerns.