Educated unemployed

Rather than accept work beneath his status, or employment in remote rural areas, the university graduate, and sometimes the secondary school leaver as well, may prefer to join the ranks of the unemployed. A sizeable quantity of unused human capital of this kind reflects a wasteful investment in human resource development and poses a serious threat to a country's social and political stability.

In less developed countries, high school graduates in great numbers are among the jobless, particularly in Asia.

1. Underutilization of labour force
2. Underutilization of intellectual ability
3. Inadequate results of formal schooling
4. Arrested development of labour potential

1. Unemployment of educated older people
2. Unemployed trained technicians
3. Unemployed educated youth
4. Graduate and post-graduate unemployment
5. Failure to employ skills of home-bound educated women

1. Voluntary unemployment
2. Unproductive extension of schooling
3. Education vocationally irrelevant
4. Economic inefficiency
5. Disparity between workers skills and job requirements
6. Decline of company towns
7. Age discrimination in employment

1. Shortage of professional and technical personnel

1. Inadequate research and development capacity
2. Disruptive migration of trained personnel

1. Reducing number of educated unemployed

1. Unemployment
2. Uneducated