Disparities among developing countries

Nature

The differences in levels of development among developing countries are often greater than among developed countries - the difference between two developing countries may even be greater than that between a developing and a developed country. This implies that, when trade barriers are to be reduced between developing countries at different levels of development, special measures must be called for if the benefits arising from a particular scheme are to be shared equitably. The most effective among these have financial implications. Yet in the developing part of the world, the more advanced countries also suffer from capital shortage and often possess, within their own borders, areas of particular poverty or backwardness; for such countries it is politically very difficult to assume the necessary responsibilities, especially with respect to what appears to involve financial transfers towards other countries that are relatively less advanced. Obstacles to the use of barter still remain between some developing countries, although this might facilitate trade, increase development and reduce disparities.

Background

The significance of disparities among developing countries emerged prominently in the 1960s, as post-colonial states joined global forums and highlighted uneven progress despite shared development status. The 1980 Brandt Report and subsequent UN conferences deepened awareness, revealing persistent gaps in economic growth, health, and education. Recognition of these disparities has since shaped international development agendas, emphasizing the need for differentiated strategies rather than uniform approaches to address the complex realities within the Global South.

Incidence

Disparities among developing countries manifest in significant differences in economic growth, access to healthcare, education quality, and technological advancement. These inequalities are evident in global indices, with some nations achieving rapid progress while others remain stagnant or regress. The gap is particularly stark in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, where poverty rates, infrastructure deficits, and social indicators lag far behind those of emerging economies in East Asia or Latin America, underscoring the persistent and wide-reaching nature of this problem.
In 2022, the United Nations Human Development Report highlighted that while Vietnam improved its Human Development Index ranking, countries like Chad and Niger experienced stagnation or decline, reflecting persistent disparities within the developing world.

Claim

Disparities among developing countries are a critical and urgent problem that cannot be ignored. These inequalities perpetuate poverty, hinder global progress, and fuel instability. It is unacceptable that millions are denied basic opportunities simply because of where they were born. Addressing these disparities is not just a moral obligation—it is essential for sustainable development, peace, and justice worldwide. The world must act decisively to close these gaps and ensure a fairer future for all.

Counter-claim

Disparities among developing countries are vastly overstated and do not constitute a significant problem. Each nation’s unique circumstances naturally lead to differences, and focusing on these so-called disparities distracts from more pressing global issues. Resources and attention should be directed toward innovation and growth, not wasted on artificially leveling the playing field. Ultimately, these disparities are a normal part of progress and do not warrant the concern or intervention they currently receive.