Denial of right to leave any country

Sometimes states penalize or harass persons seeking to exercise the right to leave any country, including their own. In retaliation they can be deprived of their nationality and their right to return to their own country.

1. Restrictions on freedom of movement among countries
2. Over-qualification

1. Social stratification

1. Denial of the right to return to country of residence

1. Self-denial
2. Denial