Defence

Defensiveness

Nature

Defence, as a problem, encompasses the strategies, policies, and measures employed by nations to protect their sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens from external threats. It involves complex considerations of military readiness, resource allocation, and international relations. The challenge lies in balancing deterrence and diplomacy while addressing asymmetric threats, such as terrorism and cyber warfare. Additionally, defence spending can strain national budgets and provoke regional tensions. The evolving nature of warfare, including technological advancements and hybrid threats, further complicates the defence landscape, necessitating adaptive and innovative approaches to ensure national and global security.

Incidence

The global defense expenditure reached approximately $2 trillion in 2021, with the United States accounting for around 39% of this total. Countries such as China, India, and Russia have also significantly increased their military budgets, reflecting a growing trend in defense spending across various regions. The arms trade has expanded, with the top five arms-exporting countries—United States, Russia, France, Germany, and China—dominating the market. Geographically, regions experiencing heightened military activity include Eastern Europe, the South China Sea, and the Middle East, where geopolitical tensions have prompted increased defense measures.
A notable instance of defense-related conflict occurred in 2020 when Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a 44-day war over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. This conflict, which reignited longstanding tensions, resulted in significant military casualties and displacement of civilians. The fighting began on September 27, 2020, and concluded with a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia on November 10, 2020, highlighting the complexities of defense and territorial disputes in the region.

Claim

Defence is an urgent and critical issue that cannot be overlooked. In an increasingly volatile world, nations must prioritize their security to protect citizens and maintain sovereignty. The rise of global threats, from terrorism to cyber warfare, demands robust military readiness and strategic alliances. Neglecting defence compromises national stability and invites aggression. Investing in defence is not merely a choice; it is a fundamental responsibility to ensure peace, security, and the preservation of democratic values.

Counter-claim

While many view defense as a critical issue, I argue it is overemphasized. The real challenges we face—climate change, poverty, and health crises—demand our attention and resources far more urgently. Investing excessively in military might diverts funds from essential social programs that could foster global stability and prosperity. Instead of focusing on defense, we should prioritize collaboration and innovation to address the pressing issues that truly threaten our future.