Community expertise drain

Skilled workers from rural areas are obliged to leave their villages and seek work in the already overcrowded cities, due to the lack of industrial and commercial development elsewhere. Those who leave the village for further academic or technical training rarely return, and if they do they can seldom find employment.

1. Disruptive rural to urban migration
2. Disruptive migration of trained personnel
3. Decreasing labour force

1. Thwarted community enthusiasm
2. Lack of skilled manpower in rural areas
3. Community demoralization
4. Arrested development of labour potential

1. Enticing attractions of urban employment

1. Uncontrollability
2. Expertise
3. Drain
4. Community
5. Anticommunity