Air turbulence

High-level turbulence occurs in patches with horizontal dimensions between 80 and 500 km, and vertical dimensions from 20 up to 600 metres. Between 5 and 10% of high-level turbulence is heavy, and 1 to 3% of that which occurs is violent or extreme.

1. Serving coffee on aircraft causes turbulence.

1. Natural hazards to aircraft
2. Bad weather
3. Agitation

1. Mountain waves

1. Travel risks
2. Travel delays
3. Motion sickness

1. Wind shear as a hazard
2. Storms

1. Minimizing air turbulence

1. Turbulence