Testimony

In law, testimony is usually oral evidence given by a sworn witness during proceedings. Some witnesses may provide technical guidance to the court such as medical practitioners. Witnesses may be involuntarily summoned to testify; may gives written testimony as evidence; and may be criminally liable for falsehoods or omissions. In due process, that is, where human rights are respected by law, witnesses for the defense are allowed to take the stand. In some systems of civil and military law or codes, summary justice is provided by a presiding judge. There are no jurors or witnesses to weigh or to give testimony. In almost all circumstances of law the defendants' testimony is admitted unless he or she is deemed incompetent, or if admissions of guilt were produced under duress, or if secrets of state may be violated.